راهبرد کریدوری چین در رقابت ژئوپلتیک با آمریکا

Introduction
In recent decades, China’s economic and political rise has emerged as a major challenge to the US-led unipolar system. Through economic, trade, and infrastructure strategies, China has sought to alter the global geopolitical balance in its favor. A central element of this effort is its corridor strategy, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative, recognized as one of China’s most important tools for strengthening its geopolitical position, expanding global influence, and creating a network of economic dependencies among partner nations. This massive project develops land and sea transportation networks, facilitating China’s connection to Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America, thereby allowing China to gain greater influence over international trade flows. Geopolitical competition between China and the US has reached new dimensions in recent years, with economic and infrastructure corridors forming a critical arena of this rivalry. This Chinese strategy has prompted resistance and reaction from the United States, which perceives these actions as a threat to its hegemonic position and geostrategic interests. Consequently, the corridor competition between these two powers extends beyond mere economic dimensions and is poised to have profound effects on the global geopolitical structure.
The primary purpose of this article is to examine and analyze China’s corridor strategy within its geopolitical competition with the United States, explaining how these strategies affect the global balance of power. This research will also clarify China’s economic, political, and security objectives in developing international corridors, alongside the corresponding reactions from the United States. The central research question is: What goals does China’s corridor strategy pursue through global infrastructure projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative? As a hypothesis, it can be proposed that China seeks to expand its geopolitical influence in strategic regions through this corridor strategy and the development of international infrastructure networks, aiming to weaken the economic and political position of the United States as a hegemonic power and ascend to a position of superior power. In contrast, the United States is attempting to compete with and contain China’s influence through alternative and restrictive plans, such as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework and related initiatives. This demonstrates how Chinese infrastructure projects have become tools for influencing these regions and challenging the position of the United States. The United States is not merely seeking to contain China; it has updated its response strategies to strengthen its own hegemonic position within the international system. With these approaches, the present study moves beyond traditional analyses to present an innovative and multidimensional perspective on the geopolitical competition between China and the United States through the lens of corridor strategy.
The research method
The research method in this study employs an analytical-explanatory and qualitative model. This approach involves first presenting analyses, which are then fully developed through critique and review. Analytical-explanatory research is a method used to examine a phenomenon or subject by analyzing and explaining the factors and causes behind it. As a synthesis of analytical and explanatory research, this qualitative approach examines cases to facilitate a deeper understanding of the subject.
Results
The findings of this study show that China’s corridor strategy pursues geopolitical goals in addition to economic ones. Developing infrastructure and transportation corridors in target countries strengthens China’s political and economic influence. It also reduces China’s dependence on US-controlled sea routes, such as the Strait of Malacca, by creating alternative trade routes vital to China’s energy security and global trade. In contrast, the United States views this strategy as a threat to its hegemony and the Western-led international order. The American response has taken the form of policies including alternative infrastructure projects—such as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) and the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment—alongside strengthening regional alliances like the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) and AUKUS. The aim of these measures is to contain the expansion of Chinese influence and maintain U.S. strategic and economic superiority in key regions.
From a global perspective, the Sino-U.S. corridor competition has profound implications for the international system. Economically, China's massive investments develop infrastructure in participating countries and can contribute to their growth; however, these nations also face risks of increasing debt and dependence on China. Geopolitically, the regions targeted by the Belt and Road Initiative have become an arena for strategic competition between the two powers, which may exacerbate regional and global tensions.
Conclusions
The results of the study show that the geopolitical competition between China and the United States, expressed through corridor strategies, extends beyond simple economic rivalry. It represents a confrontation between two models of global order. By promoting a model of economic and infrastructure cooperation based on multilateralism, China is attempting to establish an alternative order to the Western-oriented system. In contrast, the United States is striving to maintain its position as the world's dominant power by leveraging its economic, military, and diplomatic influence. This corridor competition will not only transform global trade routes and the international economy but will also alter the geopolitical structure of various world regions. The process will lead to the formation of new political and economic alignments, compelling other nations to position themselves relative to the two great powers. Ultimately, the outcome of this competition will depend on China's ability to successfully implement the Belt and Road Initiative and the effectiveness of the United States in providing alternatives.
Ethical considerations
This research adheres to the principles of research ethics in accordance with the code approved by the relevant faculty ethics committee. The author has followed established ethical principles in both conducting and publishing this scientific work, and this commitment is hereby affirmed.