اصلاح‌طلب و اصول‌گرا: یک مطالعه مقایسه‌ای کوچک در مورد شخصیت و سلامت روان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز،‌ شیراز، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده‌ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

تاکنون پژوهش‌های گوناگونی از رابطه بین شخصیت و انتخاب ایدئولوژی سیاسی خبر داده‌اند. چنین پژوهش‌هایی می‌توانند در شناخت و درک بهتر تغییر و تحولات سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و ارتباطات بین‌المللی یک جامعه مؤثر واقع شوند. پرسش‌ اصلی پژوهشی عبارت است از اینکه چه تفاوت‌هایی بین افراد در دو جریان سیاسی اصلاح‌طلبی و اصول‌گرایی در ایران از نظر شخصیت و سلامت روان وجود دارد؟ در فرضیه پژوهشی استدلال می‌شود که دو جریان اصول‌گرایی و اصلاح‌طلبی از نظر شخصیتی و سه شاخص سلامت روان (افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس) با یکدیگر تفاوت دارند. روش این پژوهش علی- مقایسه‌ای‌ است. جامعه‌ آماری دربرگیرنده ‌همه خبرنگاران سیاسی، فعالان حزبی و سیاسی، مسئولان دولتی و اعضای انجمن‌های سیاسی دانشجویی شهر اصفهان و تهران در تابستان 139۶ بود. برای این پژوهش یک نمونه‌ ۶۵ نفری به روش غیرتصادفی گلوله‌برفی که دربرگیرنده ۳۳ نفر اصلاح‌طلب و ۳۲ نفر اصول‌گرا بود، انتخاب شد. گرایش سیاسی شرکت‌کنندگان در سه مرحله تأیید شد. سپس شرکت‌کنندگان به یک دفترچه‌ سه‌قسمتی به‌صورت انفرادی پاسخ دادند؛ و این دفترچه به‌ترتیب دربرگیرنده اطلاعات شخصی، آزمون نئو و مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس بود. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از ابزار آماری (تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره) توصیف و استنباط شدند. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که اصلاح‌طلبان در متغیرهای تجربه‌پذیری، افسردگی و استرس به‌طور معنادار نمره‌ بیشتری کسب کردند و اصول‌گرایان در مقیاس‌های برون‌گرایی و توافق. این یلفته‌ها با دست‌آوردهای پژوهش‌های مشابه همسوست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reformist and Fundamentalist: A Small-Scale Comparative Study of Personality and Mental Health

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Reza Sarafraz 1
  • Sepehr Pourkhalili 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran
2 MA in Psychology, Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing interest in the study of the relationship between personality and the choice of political ideology have emerged, and previous studies have found evidence of the impact of personality traits on political preferences of individuals. However, further research can be undertaken in this area in order to gain better understanding of the interactions of personal attributes and political orientations of individuals living in a society. The primary research question is as follows: What are the differences between individuals in the two main political movements of reformism (eslāh’talabī) and fundamentalism (bonyad’garāī) in Iran in terms of their personality and mental health? In the research hypothesis, it is postulated that variations in political ideologies of reformists and fundamentalists may be attributed to disparities in their personality traits. Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPP) exemplifies the reformist groups, whereas and the ‘Principlists’ (osol’garāyan) serves as a typical example of the fundamentalist political groups.
The population of the study included political journalists, party and political activists, government officials, and members of student political associations in Isfahan and Tehran in the summer of 2017. The use of snowball sampling method resulted in the selection of 65 respondents which included 33 reformists and 32 fundamentalists. Two questionnaires consisting  of  60  items (answered on a five-point Likert scale) were used to collect information from these respondents. The first questionnaire was designed for the ‘Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness’ (NEO) Personality Inventory Test; and the second one was for the ‘Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21’ (DASS-21). Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed, with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) utilized for data analysis.
The results revealed significant differences between the reformists and fundamentalists on specific personality traits, notably in the subcategories of extroversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness. Moreover, the comparison of mental health indicators showed that these two groups have significant differences in the depression and stress subscales. The reformists scored higher in the variables of openness to experience, depression, and stress, whereas the fundamentalists scored higher in the extroversion and agreeableness scales. These findings are consistent with the results of similar studies. Furthermore, this study concludes that given the role of religion in Iran's politics, it is useful to examine the relationship between religion and the personality of political activists and ordinary citizens in future studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The Big Five Personality Traits
  • Mental Health
  • Political Ideology
  • Political Psychology
  • Personality

مراجع

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فصلنامه سیاست
دوره 53، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 472-449

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آبان 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 آذر 1402

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