EXPLAINING THE SOCIOLOGICAL-IDENTITY APPROACH OF FORMATION OF TERRORIST VIOLENCE, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE IDEAS OF JOHN BURTON

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor; Department of Iranian Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD Candidate; Faculty of Economy and Political Sciemces, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

With the intensification of violent terrorist operations in the world, many academic researchers have been performed in terms of the structural causes of terrorism. The active area of terrorism does not only include physical variables but other variables such as ideological, psychological, environmental and cultural-identity should also be tracked. The reasons are complex and varied regarding the phenomenon of terrorism and its roots cannot be explained in a particular area of research. A theoretical framework is used for explaining the formation of terrorist groups, particularly in the Middle East.

Keywords


1.آشوری، داریوش (1373)، دانشنامۀ سیاسی، تهران: مروارید.
2.پیرو آلن (1375)، فرهنگ علوم اجتماعی، ترجمۀ باقر ساروخانی، ج 3، تهران: کیهان.
3.طیب، علیرضا (1386)، تروریسم، تاریخ، جامعه‌شناسی، گفتمان، حقوق، ج 2، تهران: نشر نی.
4.حاجی ناصری، سعید؛ اکرمیان، سید محمدحسین (1394)، «تبیین گفتمان گروهک تروریستی جیش العدل در مقابله با گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی ایران»، قم: نشریۀ مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی.
 
5.Ariel Merari and Nehemia Friedland, “Social Psychological Aspects of Political Terror-ism,” Applied Social Psychology Annual 6 (1985),.
6.BartDuriez and Bart Soenens, “Personality, Identity Styles, and Religiosity:An Integrative Study among Late and Middle Adolescents,” Journal of Adolescence 29 (2006),
7.Butler, Linda (2002) "Suicide Bombers: Dignity, Despair and the Need fo Hope.  An Interview with Eyad el Sarraj." Journal of Palestinian Studies 31(4)
8.David Lester, “Altruistic Suicide: A View of the Issues,” Archives of Suicide Research 8(2004)
9.David Lester, Bijou Yang, and Mark Lindsay, “Suicide Bombers: Are Psychological Profiles Possi-ble?” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 27 (2004)
10.Erik H. Erikson, “Pseudospeciation in the Nuclear Age,” Political Psychology 6 (1985).
11.Glass, James M. (1985)  Delusion: Internal Dimensions of Political Life Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 
12.Israela Silberman, E. Tory Higgins, and Carol S. Dweck, “Religion and World Change: Violence and Terrorismversus Peace,” Journal of Social Issues 61 (2005)
13.Jerrold M. Post, “When Hatred is Bred in the Bone: Psycho-Cultural Foundations of Contemporary Terrorism,” Political Psychology 26 (2005)
14.John Burton Conflict: Resolution and Provention..New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990
15.Karina Korostelina, “History Education and Social Identity,” Identity: An InternationalJournal of Theory and Research 8 (2008),
16.Khaleel Mohammed, “AMuslim Perspective on Human Rights,” Social Science andModern Society 41(2) (January/February 2004)
17.Marwan Dwairy, “Foundations of Psychosocial Dynamic Personality Theory of Collective People,” Clinical Psychology Review 22 (2002)
18.Mauricio Florez-Morris, “Joining Guerrilla Groups in Colombia: Individual Motivations and Processes for Entering a Violent Organization,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 30 (2007)
19.Morgan, Robin (2002) "The Demon Lover Syndrome." MS. 13 (3)
20.Roy F. Baumeister, Identity: Cultural Change and the Struggle for Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Cˆ ot´ e, “Sociological Perspectives on Identity Development,”
21.Terrell A. Northrup, "The Dynamic of Identity in Personal and Social Conflict," in Intractable Conflicts and their Transformation , ed. لوئیس Kriesberg، ترل A. Northrup و استوارت J. Thorson (سیراکیوز، نیویورک: انتشارات دانشگاه سیراکیوز، 1989)، 55-82. Louis Kriesberg, Terrell A. Northrup and Stuart J. Thorson (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1989)
22.Wilkinson, Paul (2001) “Response to Terrorism from the Toolbox of Liberal Democracies: Their Applicability to Other Types of Regimes.”  Proceedings  of the International Conference on “Countering Terrorism Through Enhanced International Cooperation.” Italy.