نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، گروه اندیشههای سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 دانشیار علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
3 دانشیار دانشکده علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended abstract
This study explores the complex and enduring relationship between the state and society during the constitutional monarchy of Amanullah Khan in Afghanistan from 1919 to 1927. This period represents a crucial juncture in Afghan history, characterized by significant modernization efforts and shifts in the power dynamics between the government and the populace. The central research question seeks to identify the nature of the ruling government during this era by analyzing the characteristics of the interaction between the state and society. This involves examining the tensions, reforms, and resistances that shaped the political landscape of Afghanistan during Amanullah Khan’s reign.
Amanullah Khan’s rule was marked by ambitious attempts to modernize Afghanistan, inspired by Western models. These reforms aimed to transform various aspects of Afghan life, including education, law, and social customs. However, these initiatives faced substantial opposition from traditional elites, religious leaders, and tribal groups, who perceived them as threats to their established authority, cultural values, and way of life. This divergence in vision led to increased friction between a state seeking to implement modern reforms and a society often resistant to such rapid change. Understanding this dynamic is crucial to assessing the nature of governance that emerged.
The research is grounded in the theoretical framework presented in *The Narrow Corridor: States, Societies, and the Fate of Liberty* by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. This framework provides a valuable lens for analyzing the interplay between state power and societal forces. Acemoglu and Robinson emphasize the importance of a balance between a strong state and an engaged society for achieving liberty and prosperity. In the context of Amanullah Khan’s Afghanistan, this framework allows for a nuanced examination of how the relationship between the state’s modernization agenda and societal resistance shaped the political environment. The research seeks to determine whether the state evolved into a despotic entity that suppressed individual freedoms or if societal forces were able to exert sufficient influence to hold the state accountable. Specifically, the research asks: By focusing on the dialectical interaction of the state and society in Afghanistan from 1919 to 1927, what type of Leviathan emerged during the reign of Amanullah Khan, and what were its characteristics? This question seeks to categorize the nature of the government. The concept of the “Leviathan,” borrowed from Thomas Hobbes, is used here to describe the form and function of the state, particularly its exercise of power and authority. The study aims to determine whether the state under Amanullah Khan became an overbearing power or operated within constraints imposed by societal forces.
The methodology employed in this research is qualitative data analysis. A variety of sources, including government documents, historical accounts, and scholarly works, are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the period. This approach allows for a detailed reconstruction of events and an assessment of the various factors that influenced the relationship between the state and society. The research findings suggest that the government of Amanullah Khan should be described as an autocratic state, yet one with elements of constitutionalism and efforts toward social and political reform.
In conclusion, this research posits that the reign of Amanullah Khan saw the emergence of an autocratic state characterized by authoritarian tendencies but also incorporating elements of constitutionalism and reformist initiatives. The interplay between the state’s modernization efforts and societal resistance determined the nature of the government and its relationship with the Afghan population. This study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics that shaped modern Afghanistan and offers insights into the challenges inherent in state-building and social transformation within a traditional society. The findings underscore the need for a balanced approach between state power and societal autonomy to foster sustainable development and political stability.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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