سیاست همسایگی اروپا و تأثیر آن بر توسعۀ سیاسی جمهوری مولداوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مطالعات منطقه‎ای دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مولداوی مرز شرقی میان اتحادیۀ اروپا و جهان خارج است و همین مسئله، سبب اهمیت ژئوپلیتیک این کشور کوچک شده است. همکاری میان اتحادیۀ اروپا و مولداوی پس از استقلال این کشور آغاز شد. از سال ۲۰۰۹ مولداوی خود را متعهد به تبعیت از استانداردهای اتحادیۀ اروپا کرد. این تبعیت، در قالب سیاست همسایگی اروپا و طرح مشارکت شرقی متبلور شد. پیوند میان دو بازیگر با انعقاد موافقت‎نامۀ همکاری به اوج خود رسید. ذیل این سیاست‎ها، مولداوی دست به اصلاحات اساسی در ساختار نهادی خود زد تا بتواند به سطح استانداردهای اروپایی نزدیک شود. در واقع سیاست همسایگی اروپا، در پی راهی برای تحریک انگیزۀ کشورهای عضو در جهت همگرایی با اروپاست. پژوهش حاضر درصدد پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که اجرای سیاست همسایگی اروپا و به‌طور مشخص طرح مشارکت شرقی، چه تأثیری بر وضعیت توسعۀ سیاسی در این کشور داشته است. در پاسخ می‎توان این فرضیه را مطرح کرد که سیاست همسایگی اروپا در قالب اصل مشروط بودن و اصل جامعه‌پذیری، سبب اعمال فشارهایی در جهت اجرای اصلاحات سیاسی در مولداوی شده است؛ اما تأثیر توسعه‎ای این سیاست‎ها سطحی و غیرفراگیر بوده است. برای آزمون این فرضیه از نظریۀ اروپایی شدن ِفرانک شیملفنینگ استفاده شده است. نظریۀ اروپایی شدن، ابزاری به‌منظور درک تغییرات داخلی مولداوی و روند توسعۀ آن است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

European Neighborhood Policy and Its Impact on the Republic of Moldova’s Political Development

نویسنده [English]

  • Roxana Niknami
Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of Law & Political Science, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Moldova is the eastern border between the European Union and the outside world, and this has increased the country's geopolitical importance. Cooperation between the European Union and Moldova began after the country's independence. Since 2009, Moldova has committed itself to complying with EU standards. This compliance was shown in the context of Europe's Neighborhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership. The bond between the two actors culminated in the conclusion of a cooperation agreement. Under these policies, Moldova undertook fundamental reforms in the structure of its institutions in order to reach the level of European standards. In fact, ENP seeks to stimulate members’ motivation to converge with Europe. The present study seeks to answer the question of what effect will the implementation of ENP and especially EaP have on the political development of this country. The author’s research hypothesis is that ENP, in the form of the principle of conditionality and the principle of socialization, has put pressure on the implementation of political reforms in Moldova, but the developmental impact of these policies has been superficial and unpredictable. To test this hypothesis, the theory of Europeanization of Frank Schimmelfenning has been used. This theory is a tool for understanding the internal changes of Moldavia and the process of its development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • European Neighborhood Policy
  • Europeanization
  • Conditionality
  • Socialization
  • Political Development

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فصلنامه سیاست
دوره 51، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 285-310

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 مهر 1396

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