هویت‌اندیشان دینی و تصور از رابطه اسلام و ملیت در ایران معاصر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در این مقاله کوشیده‌ایم تا نسبت «دین و ملیت» را که در زمره‌ مهم‌ترین مسائل هویت ایرانی و اسلامی است، مورد تأمل نظری قرار دهیم؛ بدیهی است که اهمیت این موضوع و ترسیم قلمرو و ماهیت دین و ملیت در پرتو گفتمان تجدد از طرفی و گفتمان سنت‌گرا- مذهبی جمهوری اسلامی از طرف دیگر دوچندان شده است. در چرایی گزینش هویت‌اندیشان این مقاله باور نویسنده آن بوده که کسانی مورد توجه قرار گیرند که در کلیت آثار آنها آشنایی مطلوبی با سنت اسلامی وجود داشته باشد و ازاین‌رو نامیدن آنها به‌عنوان دین‌شناس خالی از اشکالی باشد و اگر ایده‌های آنها را درباره ملیت به اعتباری روایت مذهب یا اسلام بدانیم، به خطا نرفته‌ایم. ایده اصلی (فرضیه) تحقیق این است که در بین هویت‌اندیشان دینی مواجهه یکسانی با مسئله ملیت و ملی‌گرایی وجود ندارد و گستره‌ای از مواضع از رد و انکار مطلق تا پذیرش اعتباری ملیت در عصر غیبت قابل شناسایی است. در ادامه نخست به تأملی در زمینه رابطه‌ مذهب و ناسیونالیسم یا ملت‌باوری مدرن خواهیم پرداخت و سپس به رابطه‌ اسلام و ملیت اشاره‌ خواهیم کرد و در ادامه به تحلیلی از هویت‌اندیشان دینی چند دهه‌ گذشته و روایت آنها در خصوص مسئله هویت ملی، مرز و نسبت اسلام و ملیت خواهیم پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Islam and Nationalism in the Discourse of Iranian Religious Intellectuals

نویسنده [English]

  • Fazeli Habib
Ph.D., Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

we have tried to ponder the relationship between "religion and nationality", which is undoubtedly one of the most important issues of Iranian and Islamic identity. obvious the importance of this issue and drawing the sphere and nature of religion and nationality in the light of the discourse of modernity and the traditional-religious discourse of the Islamic Republic. The selected thinkers in the article are prominent and well-known Islamic scholars of Iran in the last hundred years who have dealt with the relationship between Islam and nationalism. First, we will deal with the relationship between religion and nationalism in the modern era, and then I will explain the relationship between Islam and nationalism in the intellectual system of religious thinkers in contemporary Iran. we have tried to ponder the relationship between "religion and nationality", which is undoubtedly one of the most important issues of Iranian and Islamic identity. obvious the importance of this issue and drawing the sphere and nature of religion and nationality in the light of the discourse of modernity and the traditional-religious discourse of the Islamic Republic. The selected thinkers in the article are prominent and well-known Islamic scholars of Iran in the last hundred years who have dealt with the relationship between Islam and nationalism. First, we will deal with the relationship between religion and nationalism in the modern era, and then I will explain the relationship between Islam and nationalism in the intellectual system of religious thinkers in contemporary Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Islam and Nationality
  • Patriotism
  • Identity
  • Islamic Republic
  • Morteza Motahhari
  • Mehdi Bazargan
References
Ahmadi, hamed. (2004). Iran, identity, nationality and ethnicity.Tehran: Humanities Research and Development Institute. [in Persian]
Al-Sayyid, Rezwan (1984), the Nation, the Community, and Authority, Studies in Arab Political Thought, Beirut: Iqra House pub.
Altuntas, Nazahat. (2010).Religious Nationalism in new Era: A Perspective from Political Islam, African and Asian studies, vol 9.
Amid Zanjani, Abbas Ali (2007). The homeland (vatan) and the territory and its legal implications from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, Tehran: Islamic culture pub. [in Persian]
Amid Zanjani, Abbas Ali. (1982).Foundations of Nationality in the Ideal Islamic Society, Tehran: Beasat Foundation pub. [in Persian]
Ashraf, Ahmad. (2007). the crisis of national and ethnic identity in Iran. Irannameh magazine, vol3.
Bazargan, Mehdi. (1976).Beasat VA Idiology/ prophetic mission and Ideology, office of book distribution pub. [in Persian]
Braun, Willi, and Russell. (2000). Guide to the Study of Religion, London: Cassell Academic Press.
Coakley, John. (2001). the Religious Roots of Irish Nationalism, Social Compass pub.
Dajani, Amj. (2001) Islamic Nationalism VS Islamic Ummatism (al-ummatya), Available at: http:www.soas.ac.uk/lmei/events/ssemme/ File67881. pdf/2001.
Eftikharzadeh, Mahmoud. (1997), Shu'ubiyya: Iranian nationalism, Tehran: Islamic culture publishing. [in Persian]
Eftikharzadeh, Mahmoud. (1998), Iran; Religion and Culture, Tehran: Resalat Qalam Pub. [in Persian]
Eftikharzadeh, Mahmoud. (1999), Islam and iran (Religion and iranian identity), Tehran,resalat-e-ghalam pub. [in Persian]
Entekhabi, Nader. (2008), Iranians and the idea of nationalism, in: Ramin Jahanbeglu, Iran and Modernity, Tehran: Ghatre pub. [in Persian]
Ershadian oveys and habib ollah fazeli. (2020) face off Discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran Constitution Council (Discourse of Jurist Islam versus the Liberal Islam), Contemporary Researches on Islamic Revolution, vol 2.
Fazeli, habib ollah. (2007). Nationalism, the problematic of identity and national state in social theory, Politics Quarterly,vol37: https://jpq.ut.ac.ir/article_19241.html?lang=fa . [in Persian]
Fazeli, habib ollah. (2023). The Language Issue in the Iranian Constitution of 1906, Iranian Politics and Law Quarterly, vol 2: https://doi.org/ 10.22034/irpl.2024.194349. [in Persian]
Fazeli, Habibollah.(2013), Imam Khomeini's discourse and the issue of identity, Tehran: National Studies Quarterly,vol 52. [in Persian]
Gavahi, Abdour Rahim (2009), Kausar; Interpretations of the Holy Qur'an.Tehran: Nashr-e-elm.
Goldziher, Ignác. (1992). Shoubayah: Iran's national resistance movement against the Umayyads and Abbasids translated and explained by Mahmoudreza Eftikharzadeh, Tehran: Islamic and Iranian Historical Heritage Publication Institute.
Hayeri Yazdi, Mehdi. (1990).Wisdom and Governance, England: Shadi Publications. [in Persian]
Hayeri Yazdi, Mehdi. (2004). Kavushha-ye Aql-e Amali/ Explorations of Practical Reason, Tehran: Hikmat and Philosophy Research Institute. [in Persian]
Hojjati Kermani, Mohammad Javad. (2005), Nationalism and the Freedom Movement of Islamic Nations/ nationalism VA nehzat azadi melal islami, Tehran: Etelaat pub. [in Persian]
Homaee, Jalaluddin (1986), Shuoubieh, Isfahan: Saeb publication. [in Persian]
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah.(2009), International Relations in Islam, Qom: Asra Publishing Center. [in Persian]
Kausar, Zeenath(2018) A philosophical critique of Nationalism: Reflection of Iqbal. Avalible at: http://i-epistemology.net/attachments/kausar%2-Nationalism.pdf.
Lajevrdi, Habib (2001), Mehdi Hayeri Yazdi's memoirs, Tehran: Nader Publishing House. [in Persian]
Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taqi (2007), Political Theory of Islam, Qom: Imam Khomeini Institute. [in Persian]
Meybodi, Rashiduddin (2009), the Mystical Interpretation of the Holy Quran, by Reza Bagharian Mohed, Tehran: Fakhavaran pub.
Motahari, Morteza (1980), Islam and Iran: A Historical Study of Mutual Services / khadamat-e-motaghabel, Qom: Sadra Publishing. [In Persian]
Naghavi, Ali Mohammad (1982), Islam and nationalism, Tehran: Islamic culture pub. [in Persian]
Nasri, Abdullah.(2005).Hayeri Yazdi's Philosophical Essays,Tehran: Hikmat and Philosophy Institute.
Nazari, Meisam and Habib ollah fazeli (2018).Modernity and contemporary identity crisis in the light of dariush shaygans theories, Research Letter of Political Science,vol 13: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1. 1735790.1397. 13.3.6.2.
Qutb, sayyid. (2007). Amuslim’s Nationality and his Belief, Available at: http://www.hoor-al.ayn.com/articles/prohibitions/Nationaalism.pdf.
Rahnamaei, Sayyid Ahmad.(2008). Islam and Nationalism: A theoretical Point of View (part II), Available: http://message of thaqalan .com/42-Nationalism%20pdf.
Razavi, Masoud (2000) Afaqe Philosophy/ the world of philosophy. Tehran: Farzan Rooz pub. [in Persian]
Sahibi, Mohammad Javad, (2006), a collection of articles on relations between religion and culture in Iranian society, Tehran: Ministry of Culture pub. [in Persian]
Shabbir Ahmed (1996), Roots of Nationalism in the Muslim word, London: Islamic Book Company, Available at: http://www.universal-islam. com/ php filetrace.php3.
Shafei Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2009).Old perception of the vatan / talaghee ghodama AZ vatan, Tehran: Bukhara magazine, vol 75. [in Persian]
Shahidi, Seyyed Jafar (1945), Mahdavit in Islam, Borujerd: Saadat Printing House.
Shariati, Ali (1996), Recognizing Iranian-Islamic Identity, Tehran: Elham Publications. [in Persian]
Shirazi, Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad. (1999). Conversations with Nationalists, translated by Ali Kazemi, Qom: Imam Sadege Publications. [in Persian]
Tabatabai, Mohammad Hossein. (2004). Al-Mizan, translated by Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Mousavi, vol. 4, Qom: Jamea Modaresin pub. [in Persian]
Weissbrod, Lilly (1983). Religion as National Identity in Secular Society, Review of Religious Research, vol.24. [in Persian]