دیاسپورای کُرد و نقش منافع ژئوپلیتیک در تحول راهبرد ترکیه نسبت به کردهای عراق و سوریه (1395-1382)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه رازی

2 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی‌ارشد دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

مسئلۀ پراکندگی اقوام کُرد، مرکز ثقل سیاست خارجی خاورمیانه­ای ترکیه از دهۀ 1920 به بعد بوده و دولت ترکیه با برخورد چندگانه با مسئلۀ کردهای ترکیه، عراق و سوریه، راهبردهای متعددی را تجربه کرده است. تا پیش از روی کار آمدن حزب عدالت و توسعه، سیاست دولت ترکیه در قبال کردهای داخل مرزهایش، مبتنی بر انکار و امحا بود و نسبت به کردهای عراق و سوریه، نگرشی امنیتی داشت. از این زمان، شاهد چرخشی در راهبرد و شیوۀ نگرش مقامات ترکیه به سمت پذیرش واقعیت کردهای داخلی از جمله حرکت به‌سوی اعطای آزادی، حقوق اجتماعی و سیاسی هستیم. در مورد کردهای آن سوی مرزها، رفتار ترکیه دوگانه است. در خصوص کردستان عراق، دولت ترکیه در پی ایجاد روابط راهبردی با حکومت اقلیم کردستان بوده و در مقابل کردهای سوریه سیاستی امنیتی اتخاذ کرده است. شرایط سیاسی- اقتصادی داخلی و ملاحظات راهبردیِ این کشور در راستای ایجاد هژمونی منطقه­ای، مقامات ترکیه را به‌طور چاره‌ناپذیری در مسیر تحول راهبرد نسبت به مسئلۀ کرد قرار داده است. با توجه به این مهم، پژوهش حاضر در پی آن است تا برای پرسش ذیل، پاسخ مناسبی بیابد: در دوران حکومت حزب عدالت و توسعه، راهبرد ترکیه نسبت به کردهای شمال عراق و سوریه چه تحولی یافته است؟ برای پاسخ به پرسش یادشده، این پژوهش، فرضیۀ حاضر را به سنجش می­گذارد: در دوران حکومت حزب عدالت و توسعه، به‌دلیل مجموعه­ای از ملاحظات امنیتی و اقتصادی داخلی، دولت ترکیه راهبرد همکاری استراتژیک با اقلیم کردستان عراق را با هدف به حاشیه راندن جنبش کردهای سوریه و جذب کردهای ترکیه اتخاذ کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

KURDISH DIASPORA AND GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS ROLE IN TURKEY’S STRATEGY TRANSITION IN IRAQ AND SYRIA KURDISTAN REGIONS(2003-2015)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Shamseddin Sadeghi 1
  • Ahmad Rahimi 2
1 Assnistat Professor; Political Science and International Relations, Razi University
2 M.A in Political Science, Razi University
چکیده [English]

Kurds dispersion is the main concern of Turkey’s Meddle East foreign policy since 1920 decade and it has experienced different kinds of policies in dealing with kurds in Iraq, Syria and its own kurds. In these years before Justice and Development party coming to power, Turkey’s policy against its own kurds was based on denial and opposing and against kurds in Iraq and Syria have had security oriented approach. With Justice and Development coming to power we are seeing a move to reforms within Turkey that goes to accept Kurds identity and give them freedom and social and political rights. About kurds over the borders turkey has obtained two different behaviors. In the case of Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkey is seeking to make Strategic relation with Kurdistan Regional Government and against Syrian kurds has obtained a Security oriented policy. Turkey’s political and economic situations and its strategic considerations to become a regional hegemon have made Turkey officials to change its strategy against Kurdish question. With regarding these considerations, this research is intended to find an answer for this question: what transition has been occurred in Turkey’s Strategy against kurds in Iraq and Syria? To answer this question this research evaluates this hypothesis: For some internal Security and economic considerations, Turkey has obtained a strategic cooperation approach with Kurdistan Regional Government for marginalize Syrian kurds movements and attract its own kurds to the Turkey.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kurd
  • Iraq
  • Syria
  • Turkey
  • Strategy

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فصلنامه سیاست
دوره 47، شماره 2
تیر 1396
صفحه 411-430

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 دی 1395

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