لیبرالیسم علیه اجتماع‌گرایی: نگاهی به انتقادهای لیبرال‌ها به اجتماع‌گرایان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه مطالعات سیاسی اسلام، دانشکدة علوم سیاسی دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)

چکیده

تضارب آرا و نقد و انتقاد میان دو مکتب رایج کنونی ـ لیبرالیسم و اجتماع‌گرایی ـ در عرصۀ اندیشۀ سیاسی معاصر جایگاهی جدی را به خود اختصاص داده است. لیبرالیسم در دورۀ معاصر بی‌شک یکی از ـ اگر نگوییم تنها ـ اندیشه‌های سیاسی غالب است و شاید بتوان مدعی شد که نگاه اجتماع‌گرایی در این دوران قوی‌ترین منتقد و نقدکنندۀ آرای لیبرالی است. درحالی‌که اغلب این اجتماع‌گرایان هستند که به نقد آرای لیبرال‌ها پرداخته‌اند، با وجود این لیبرال‌ها نیز هم در دفاع از اندیشه‌های خود و هم در نقد متقابل آرا و تفکرات اجتماع‌‌گرایان به انتقاد از این مکتب پرداخته‌اند. مقالۀ حاضر در پی بیان نقد‌هایی است که مدافعان اندیشۀ لیبرالی بر آرا و مبانی فکری اجتماع‌‌گرایانی مانند مایکل سندل، اَلسدر مکینتایر، چارلز تیلور و مایکل والزرو همفکران آنها وارد کرده‌اند. اگر بخواهیم به‌اختصار این انتقادها را دسته‌بندی کنیم، می‌توان گفت که این انتقادها در هشت محور زیر قابل دسته‌بندی و ارائه هستند: اجتماع‌گرایی در عمل منافی آزادی است؛ درک ناصحیح اجتماع‌گرایان از آزادی لیبرالی؛ سعادت اجتماع‌گرایانه بر دکترین جامع فلسفی استوار است؛ درک ناصحیح اجتماع‌گرایان از بی‌طرفی لیبرالی؛ درک ناصحیح اجتماع‌گرایان از فارغ‌البالی لیبرالی؛ اجتماع‌گرایان و مسئلۀ فضیلت و فضایل مدنی؛ اجتماع‌گرایان و بزرگ‌نمایی اشکالات لیبرالیسم؛ امتناع عملی اجتماع‌گرایی.



کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

LIBERALISM AGAINST COMMUNITARIANISM; LIBERAL'S CRITIQUES AGAINST COMMUNITARIANS

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Mojtaba Azizi
Assistant Professor; Imam Sadeq University, Tehan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Current Exchange opinions and criticism between liberalism and communitarianism as two contemporary political schools of thoughts is an important issue. Liberalism in the modern era, especially now without any doubt one of, if not the only, political ideology is dominant. It can be said that communitarians are strongest critics of Liberalism, and liberals in their turn have some strongest critique about communitarian's ideas. This article aims to express critiques of defenders of liberalism against some communitarian authors like Michael j. Sandel, Alasdair MacIntyre, Charls Taylor and Michael Walzer. In short these critiques can be grouped in eight fields: confronting freedom, misunderstanding about liberal freedom, having comprehensive philosophical doctrine, misunderstanding about liberal neutrality, misunderstanding about liberal self, problem of virtue and civic virtues, exaggeration of liberal weaknesses, and impossibility of communitarianism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Liberalism
  • liberals
  • Communitarians
  • Communitarianism
  • civil republicanism

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فصلنامه سیاست
دوره 47، شماره 2
شهریور 1396
صفحه 451-470

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 مهر 1390
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 بهمن 1390

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