منطقه‌ای شدن در آمریکای شمالی: تفاوت‌ها و ناسازگاری‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

منطقه‌گرایی روندی است که از اروپای غربی شروع شده و با گذشت زمان، تحولاتی را به خود دیده است. بنابراین نقطۀ آغاز مطالعات و نظریه‌پردازی‌های منطقه‌گرایی اغلب منطقۀ اروپای غربی بوده است. این واقعیت موجب شده که تلاش‌های نظری و عملی منطقه‌گرایی در اروپا معیاریبرای شناخت و ارزیابی منطقه‌گرایی در سایر مناطق جهان باشد. بر همین اساس از زمان برقراری موافقت‌نامه‌های همگرایی بین کشورهای آمریکای شمالی یعنی کاسفتا در سال 1989، نفتا در سال 1994 و سپس سازوکار امنیت و رفاه مشترک آمریکای شمالی (اس.پی.پی) در سال 2005 از منطقۀ آمریکای شمالی هم به‌عنوان یکی از مناطق دارای پیوندهای همگرایی منطقه‌ای نام برده می‌شود. با این حال موافقت‌نامه‌های منطقه‌گرایی یادشده چه از لحاظ عملی و چه از لحاظ مفاهیم به‌کارگرفته‌شده در آنها با منطقه‌گرایی‌های موجود در سایر نقاط دنیا تفاوت دارند. به‌نظر می‌رسد موافقت‌نامه‌های یادشده در منطقۀ آمریکای شمالی" منطقه‌ای شدن" را به‌وجود آورده‌اند که تفاوت‌های زیادی با منطقه‌گرایی دارد. بنابراین پرسش مقالۀ حاضر این است که چرا کشورهای آمریکای شمالی از منطقه‌ای شدن استقبال اما در برابر منطقه‌گرایی مقاومت می‌کنند؟

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

REGIONALISM IN NORTH AMERICA: DIFFERENCES AND INCOMPATIBILITIES

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Jamshidi 1
  • Esfandiar Mohammadi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Regional Studies, Tehran University
2 Ph.D. Candidate of Regional Studies, Tehran University
چکیده [English]

Regionalism is a process that began from Western Europe and with the passage of time, it witnessed some developments. Therefore, the starting point of regionalism studies, reviews and theorization have been mainly in the Western European region. This fact has led to a situation where actions and efforts of theoretical and practical regionalism in Europe is a criterion and standard for recognition and evaluation of regionalism in other regions of the world. Accordingly, since the establishment of integration agreements between the North American countries, namely, Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA) in 1989, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 among US, Mexico and Canada and then security and prosperity partnership of North America (SPP) in 2005 among US, Canada and Mexico from North American region, being termed “a region where the states have regional integration links”. However, the above mentioned regionalism agreements differ from the regionalism present in other parts of the world both in practice and regarding the concepts being used. It seems that the above-mentioned agreements in North America have created regionalization much different from regionalism. So the question of the present paper can be formulated as follows: Why do North American states welcome regionalization but show resistance to regionalism?

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Regionalism
  • NAFTA
  • CUSFTA
  • North America
  • Integration
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