پایه‌های مدنی هویت ایرانی؛ بررسی هویت اجتماعی آفریقایی‌تباران در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مطالعات جنوب آفریقا، دانشکدۀ مطالعات، جهان دانشگاه تهران

2 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد دانشکدۀ مطالعات جهان دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پیشین حضور آفریقاییان در ایران (به‌ویژه جنوب ایران) به بیش از دو قرن پیش بازمی‌گردد که برای اولین و در قالب برده از کشورهای عربی حاشیۀ خلیج‌فارس وارد ایران شدند. در طول این دو قرن حضور و به‌واسطۀ مهاجرت اجباری، فرایند شکل‌گیری یا تغییر هویت آنها با فراز و نشیب‌های فراوانی روبه‌رو بوده است که به‌طور خاص می‌توان در سه مرحله و با عنوان «برده»، «آزاد» و «ایرانی» از آنها نام برد. با وجود این فرازوفرودها و برخلاف تجربۀ دهشتناک بردگان آفریقایی در بیشتر کشورهای اروپایی و آمریکایی، آفریقایی‌تباران در ایران تجربۀ نسبتاً مسالمت‌آمیزی داشتند. این تجربه که در نوع خود بسیار کم‌نظیر و حائز اهمیت است، متأسفانه کمتر بررسی و تحلیل علمی شده است. تجربۀ زیست مسالمت‌آمیز میان آفریقایی‌تباران و ایرانیان به ‌اندازه‌ای خوشایند بوده است که بسیاری از آفریقایی‌تباران خود را با افتخار «ایرانی» نامیده و حتی برخی از آنها انتساب یا تعلق خاطر به دیگر هویت‌های نژادی یا قومیتی (مانند آفریقایی، تانزانیایی یا زنگباری) را رد کردند. تحقیق حاضر، با درنظر گرفتن شرایط زمانی و مکانی حاضر (رقیق شدن محدودیت‌ها و موانع مکانی و زمانی و در نتیجه سهل شدن امکان ارتباط با سرزمین آبا و اجدادی و تأثیرات آن در هویت)، به بررسی میزان تعلق خاطر ایرانیان آفریقایی‌تبار به هویت ملی، قومی و فرهنگی آنها پس از دو قرن حضور در ایران می‌پردازد. بررسی میزان تأثیرگذاری مؤلفه‌های هویت‌سازی مانند ملیت و تابعیت، دین، فرهنگ و قومیت در این تحقیق مورد تأکید خاص قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Basis of Iran's Civic Identity; Afro-Iranians' Social Identity in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Bagheri 1
  • Elina Chavoshi 2
1 Assistant Professor at University of Tehran
2 Master Degree from Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The presence of Africans in Iran (especially in southern provinces of Iran) goes back to more than two centuries ago when for the first time as a slave from some Persian Gulf Arabic countries such as Oman brought to Iran. In these centuries, their social identity formation process (as forging slaves and later on as immigrants and citizens) has been subject to some challenges and faced with many ups and downs. More specifically, their social identity formation and transformation can be categorized to three phases; slave, free and Iranian. Despite these ups and downs, their identity transformation, specifically in today Iran, has been less studied. This paper, drawing on 46 semi-structured interviews with Afro-Iranians in 4 rural and urban areas in southern Iran, explores different meanings and variations of their ‘Iranian’ identity focusing on the importance of nationality and ethnicity in their social identity negotiation. This paper suggests that ‘Iranian’ national identity in the opinion of Afro-Iranians is more based on the civic basis rather than racial or ethnic markers which make almost all participants to feel and prefer to belong to Iranian national identity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Afro-Iranian
  • Social Identity
  • Ethnicity
  • Nationality
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